According to the World Health Organization, TB is the most infectious killer second to Covid-19 and is still a major threat in third world countries, claiming ~1 million lives each year. TB is cause by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is a bacteria that can attack the lungs, spine, kidneys, and brain. According to the CDC, there are up to 13 million people estimated to be living with latent TB in the United States. Latent means that the bacteria is dormant so there are no signs of having it. Also, from data gathered in 2020, the majority of the people who contracted TB were of hispanic or asian decent. According to the CDC they made up about 65.5% of recorded cases from the US in 2020.
Tuberculosis (TB) Treatment
TB is treated with early-stage antibiotics such as rifampicin, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, etc. With the increased use of drugs to combat this bacteria, researchers are facing significant challenges in controlling TB due to the mutated and drug-resistant strains. The strains that have developed (MDR) Multi-drug Resistant properties are particularly becoming particularly difficult to address. The first-line antibiotic therapies are considerably less effective when coupled with a significant gap between those in need of the second-line therapy and those who receive it. This is a reminder of the demand for new approaches to tackle this MDR problem. The dashboard below is a visualization of some of the available evidence on genotype chages involving MDR across the world.
Frequency of TB Mutations by the Genomic Coordinates
Relationship between Gene and Drug Resistant Mutations
Geography of the tb resistance
NOTE: The colors of the points on map indicating the drug and gene combinations are not consistent between countries.
Process Book
Link to Process Book: https://github.com/mnorales/datavis-final/blob/main/Process_Book.pdf
Video:
References:
The main sources of Data for this webpage/dashboard include:
DRAGdb - Drug Resistance Associated Genes: http://bicresources.jcbose.ac.in/ssaha4/drag/result.php
Countries Reporting to WHO. (n.d.). Global Tuberculosis Report. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/data
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, October 12). Trends in Tuberculosis, 2020. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/statistics/tbtrends.html
D3 Observable: https://observablehq.com/@d3/versor-dragging and https://observablehq.com/@violetr/colaboraciones-bzrp-mussic-sessions
